Influence of Hello Kitty on Japanese women identity

Introduction For several decades now, art has influenced the social and economic life of people worldwide. Due to art, numerous animations have emerged, and thus aspect explains the origin and background of Hello Kitty, a Japanese animated cat stature that has received great public attention since its emergence back in the year 1974, in Japan. Hello Kitty has played a vital role in shaping the social and economic life of the Japanese people (McVeigh, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Hello Kitty on Japanese women identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In economical view, the cartoon-looking cat has influenced the market strategies used by companies to promote their goods. For instance, the animated cat enhanced the marketing of debit cards invented by credit card companies by attracting customers that led to massive profits. In shaping social life of the Japanese people, this bobtail cat has influence the living style of young women in Japan. However, it is not known to what extent the animated cat influences their identity. Hence, this essay seeks to establish how Hello Kitty Influences the structuring of Japanese women identity. Origin of Hello Kitty in Japan Hello Kitty is a Japanese bobtail cat that originated from the arts of a Japanese woman, Yuko Shimizu. Later on, a Japanese stationery company, Sanrio, introduced Kitty into the market. The doll initially targeted the adolescent females, but got public attention, and elder females and children familiarised with it. Hello Kitty has shaped the fashion culture in Japan with numerous women liking it from its logos on products to body tattoos (Kovarovic, 2011). Although men as well like the doll, it is a women subculture in Japan and the outskirts. The doll has received fame to the extent that it appears on a variety of products ranging from consumer products including school supplies, wallpapers, stickers, teddy bear s, and toys, greeting cards to electronics including phone accessories, computer products, and televisions to outfits including clothes, female handbags, and even jewelleries. The doll has also proven significant in enhancing companies’ promotional strategies; for instance, commercial companies, especially banks used Hello Kitty emblems to produce cheques, visa debit cards, and master cards.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The spread of Hello Kitty Hello Kitty spread from local Japanese market to international boundaries, influencing the cultural and personal lifestyles of people across the globe. After its release into the Japanese market, the animated cat got public attention due to its appearance and penetrated across international boundaries into the United States in the year 1976. As the cartooned cat become famous, its demand rose exponentially. It survived market c ompetition and managed to conquer and replace some American popular cultures. It captured American women with its incredible colours and its entire appearance. Kovarovic (2011) posits, â€Å"Consumerism in the US creates successful retail of Hello Kitty† (p.4). In fact, the youthfulness and cuteness of the cartoon attracted women of all ages, since old age in the US is associated with several negative aspects like becoming weak, unattractive, and lonely. The cat got a good reception in several other countries like Germany, Latin American, and Britain making changes in women of all ages. The influence of Hello Kitty on Fashion and Design Women appearance is normally their biggest concern. How they appear in the public eye is always their main worry, but Hello Kitty has significantly reduced their fret. The rise and fame of Hello Kitty penetrated the fashion and design industry from Japan to the heights of international borders. Since it targeted adolescent females, the designs were contrived to target the same population. This led to the adoption of art by designers and integrating it into different attires ranging from clothing, bracelets, handbags, and beautiful tattoos designed around their bodies. The animated cat came in lovely colours including the most attractive pink colour, which women love most (Wai-ming, 2002). Since the doll appeared as feminine, women wanted to mimic this appearance with most of them appearing in dresses with colours resembling those of Hello Kitty coupled with bracelets and handbags tattooed with its logo (Yano, 2009). Hello Kitty led to an advanced change in the Japanese women’s lifestyle ranging from cultural and economical to comparative perspectives. Since the innovation of the exquisite Hello Kitty animated cat, several intricate designs have emerged making it seem equally important in the dressing and life style of women.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Hello Kitty on Japanes e women identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To begin with, Hello Kitty has appeared on several women likings including the dresses, shoes, handbags, jewellery, tops, and even body designs including tattooing (Rebecca, 2012). It appears in several dimensions and styles. The animated cat appears in the form of printed images, photos, dolls, or even logos. With the rising fame of Hello Kitty, the same way women want to get public attention. The fashion and design companies ensured that the cat stature appeared in every new fashion and intricate designs. This triggered the appetite of women in dressing, forcing them to go round searching for popular branded Hello Kitty outfits. The animated cat significantly influenced the design companies outside Japan as it acquired extraordinary prominence in the United States, which is known for its influence in the international market. Hello Kitty’s Influence in Women identity The emerg ence of Hello Kitty portrays one important aspect of under contentment mostly found in several women, which influence the aspect of consumerism in the market. Generally, Hello Kitty changed the consumption level and trends in Japanese women (Yano, 2009). Consumerism and consumptions are two terms used to describe the tendency in which individuals use a certain product. Influence is simply the ability to cause a change either positive or negative. According to Rebecca (2012), since its appearance into the global market in early 1970s, the consumption trend of Hello Kitty products has been on a constant rise. Since women are trendy, Hello Kitty served their psychological needs. Their stylish desires contributed to an increase in consumption of Kitty’s products that appeared in different designed cuties and exotic appeals to trigger women’s level of the product consumerism (Yano, 2009). This consumerism factor influences the Japanese women identity. However, Hello Kitty i nfluences the structure of these women through its consumption in several ways. These include the following: Hello Kitty’s exotic appeal Since its emergence in the Japanese as well as the global market, Hello Kitty comes in a variety of cuties and appeals. These cuties and appeals were very strong since 1970s to 1980s, when Hello Kitty was the most popular cartooned art in that era. Its beautiful appearance in attractive tints including the most preferred women colours like white and pink enhanced the use and consumption of Hello Kitty and its respective products. Wai-ming (2002), observes that Japanese women, especially the young and adolescent ones, love exotic possessions especially those who have western qualities. Apart from the aspect of enthusing young females, the cartoon’s appearance takes the children and as well as the elderly in fantasies.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The children and the elderly like things that sooth their age as they hate being frustrated in their age. With the western identity, most female like associating themselves with Hello Kitty products. In short, the animated beautiful cat triggers women attention into emulating its qualities to bring out resemblance in appearance. Merchandisation of Hello Kitty Hello Kitty has survived market competition and antagonism for over thirty years. In fact, the animated cat has managed to manipulate the market and play in the monopolistic technique for several years. This merchandisation enables Hello Kitty to dominate the local, regional, and global markets around the universe. Wai-ming (2002), posits, â€Å"The merchandisation of the Hello Kitty makes it a decorative, useful and collectable item† (p.16). Different items and products are decorated in Hello Kitty’s logos, photos, scanned images, and even simple drawings. Products like school stationery including bags, books, pe ns, and pencils are decorated with Hello Kitty and other consumer goods like cutlery, handkerchiefs, women handbags, cosmetics, glasses, toasters, and electronics including mobile phone cases, CDs, DVD players, radio covers, computers accessories to even big commercial goods inclusive of bikes, cars, and aeroplanes. The Kitty cartoon has also been significant in helping Japanese banks to promote their services by using Kitty logos and photos on the bank account books, credit cards, and even visa cards. Global Reputation of Hello Kitty Hello Kitty and its products have constantly gained international demand. Through global industrialisation, Hello Kitty received substantial global popularisation making it the most renowned cartoon art all over the globe. To begin with, Hello Kitty has appeared in several meaningful occasions including those that are associated with prominent persons within the globe. According to Kovarovic (2011), the cartoon was once the most famous cartoon art used in the US. The cartoon has linked with several prominent states and leaders including the U.S. senate Byron Dorgan, who publicly displayed a one meter pre-paid debit card poster on the floor of the U.S. senate during the 2007-2010 financial crisis moments. The cartooned cat got popularisation to Thailand and its borders as the national police officers were punished for the contravention made by putting on Hello Kitty armbands as a form of punishment. This global fame makes Japanese women love to associate with the cartoon. Nature and culture of Japanese women The Kitty mania got support from the nature and culture of the Japanese women who are generally trendy. In women, Hello Kitty manoeuvred through the potentiality of the Japanese women culture of falling in love with fancy materials. Popularly known as â€Å"Kawaii†, is the degree of cuteness describing the Japanese culture (Kelly, 1986). This culture influences the shape in which manufactured materials like clothing, fo od, or even commercial goods appear. The culture greatly influences personal attributes and appearance. Wai-ming (2002) asserts that Japanese young women ranging from young teenage to adolescent and women in their late thirties are fond of liking fashion, and thus demonstrating their culture in products of every design. The music and drama industries are characterised by the use of such cartoon to attract fans from several parts of Japan. According to the culture, this cuteness is equally expected in both males and females. Therefore, due to the existing culture, Hello Kitty penetrated through the Japanese culture making it acceptable to people of every gender and age. Hello Kitty’s Literature The emergence of Hello Kitty led to great advancement in women identity and appearance with the literature of the cartoon, thus enhancing its consumption. The cartooned cat had several literatures produced in different forms. According to Moeran (2004), writers in Japan developed readin g materials like funny storybooks of Hello Kitty, photo galleries, newspapers, and magazines. Kitty’s literature was also established in love and romantic magazines, which most female and lovers became attracted to read. The literatures of Kitty products and goods diversified across e-resources like the Internet, which came in the form of kid games and relationship sites. Moeran (2004) asserts, â€Å"Women’s fashion magazines have for many years depicted in their pages European and American fashion designers of which Hello Kitty was been on regularly appearance† (p.56) indicating how women can shape their fashion and designs. Games of Kitty image seem attractive with romantic decors that trigger women into expanding their consumption on Kitty’s products. Sanrio’s Company Efforts Sanrio, the initiator and producing company of several Kitty products has adversely influenced how women and Hello Kitty relate. Sanrio ensured a positive relationship betw een the cartoon and customers, thus enhancing loyalty amongst consumers. Sun (2009) states, â€Å"This brand owns a group of loyal customers and so this Japanese company, Sanrio, receives wide support from those young women in Japan who prefer prettiness† (p.66). The company ensured that it enhanced corroborative techniques to substantiate with other companies that were wiling to design and improve products produced by Sanrio, the main company. The extension of Hello Kitty’s market into the United States was successful through Sanrio’s efforts. In fact, the company ensured that it produced goods that are friendly to most females to flavour the availability market influence of Hello Kitty. According to Sun (2009), the design around the image of Hello Kitty motivated the sense of concern and protection of these women. Music and Decors Music is a favourite element of almost everyone across the globe, with the taste depending on individual interest. Hello Kitty mana ged to capture the interest of several musicians who used the cartoon in their videos and live performance. Prominent musicians including Japanese culture musicians like Palmer and Yarckin used the cartoon in creating their popular Japanese cultural music like J-pop music and others. Since women love associating themselves with prominent people like music celebrities, this aspect played a significant role in influencing the consumption of Hello Kitty products. The Kitty products like band got prominence even in the late 1990s, as popular American artists like Marian Carey adopted Hello Kitty among their fashions. According to Rebecca (2012), musicians used the arts of the cartoon on nail decorations, which led other Japanese women to adopt the art. Rebecca (2012) asserts, â€Å"Nail art lessons in magazines include â€Å"tribal† designs and often touch upon the ‘ethnic’ aesthetic† (p. 122). Women love music just as men do. Therefore, as their music icons u sed Kitty products so do they got attracted. Television series and programs Since time immemorial, media has been very influential to Japanese women’s culture and personalities. Several media techniques are used to pass messages regarding new products and fashions that are currently dominating the market. Hello Kitty was popular in Japanese media, which also played a significant role in spreading the Japanese culture. In this sense, TVs play an important role in spreading media information (Yano, 2009). Several television programs demonstrated Hello Kitty products that helped it obtain extensive fame. Wai-ming (2002) posits, â€Å"Compared with Japanese television dramas, fashions, movies, or J-pop, Japanese fancy merchandise like Hello Kitty is more subtle in conveying Japanese ideas and values† (p.16). Superstars acted programs that ran through the TVs and women want to associate with famous actors. There were video games, karaoke, and music programs that demonstrate d Hello Kitty products, which were on popular demand. This element influenced the structuring of women to greater heights. By 1970s and 1990s, several Japanese programs were thrilling and captured several viewers. Conclusion Hello Kitty, the popular animated bobtail cat that dominated the Japanese social, economical, and even the psychological lives played a considerable role in structuring of Japanese women identify. McVeigh (2000) assert that Hello Kitty appeared in different ways enabling it to dominate the Japanese market. Due its global fame, variance in product supplies, and its cuteness, Hello Kitty managed to lure women into acquiring its products of which were mostly attractive, enthusing, and available in cheap goods, which were quite affordable to women. The company Sanrio, Japanese media, Japanese women culture, and global market trends enabled Hello Kitty products to penetrate easily into the market with women admiring the arts done by musicians, dramatists, and actors regarding Hello Kitty. Japanese women admired Hello Kitty in different ways including the appearance and colour. References Kelly, W. (1986). Rationalisation and Nostalgia: Cultural Dynamics of New Middle-Class Japan. American Ethnologist, 13(4), 603-618. Kovarovic, S. (2011). Hello Kitty: A Brand Made of Cuteness. Web. McVeigh, B.J. (2000). How Hello Kitty Commodifies the Cute, Cool and Camp: ‘Consumutopia’ versus ‘Control’ in Japan. Journal of Material Culture, 5(2), 225-245. Moeran, B. (2004). Soft Sell, Hard Cash: Marketing J-Cult in Asia. Copenhagen: CBS. Rebecca, S. (2012). Nailed it: Producing and Consuming in Tokyo’s Nail industry. Journal of Street Notes, 20,111-133. Sun, S. (2009). An Analysis on the Conditions and Methods of Market Segmentation. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(2), 63-70. Wai-ming, B. (2002). The Hello Kitty Craze in Singapore: A Cultural and Comparative Analysis. Web. Yano, C.R. (2009). Wink on Pink: In terpreting Japanese Cute as it Grabs the Global Headlines. The Journal of Asian Studies, 68(3), 681-688. 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Comparison of the movie Milk and Moral Christian Values in the Marketplace - Essay Example This activism lures him to seek public office as he believes that he can make a more effective difference for the gay community as a political figure. Harvey suffers through the high and lows of running for office before he finally becomes the first known homosexual in the US to take a political office. His political office is an uphill battle in there is constant tensions between Harvey and his supervisor Dan White a fiercely conservative politician. The film Milk therefore invokes Kavanaugh’s (1991) new conservatism. This new conservatism is two-tiered in that it has what is characterized as having â€Å"two complementary but dangerous tendencies† (Kavanaugh 1991, xiii). On the one hand, the new conservatism embraces the tendency to distinguish faith from notions of justice which is essentially being active in â€Å"love and service† (Kavanaugh 1991, xiii). On the other hand the new conservatism has a â€Å"tendency to equate faith with a particular form of social, political, or national power† (Kavanaugh 1991, xiii). Harvey, the activist who seeks a form of justice for the homosexual community and is openly gay can be said to represent the second form of the new conservatism in that his conduct forces the distinction between faith and notions of justice by becoming active in both love and service. We see Harvey challenge traditional conventions and insert himself in the midst of it by not only advocating change, but changing it by becoming the first openly gay US politician in public office. By taking this approach, Harvey becomes active in both love and service. However, it is not Harvey is makes this distinction. It is White who by his attitude makes this distinction and it is Harvey that forces this distinction. Harvey essentially represents the second tendency attributed to the new conservatism in that for him faith is indistinguishable from traditional concepts of

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The Doom of the American Dream Essay The United States in the 1960’s was going through hard events. Many things happened in this decade like The Vietnam War, that was going on for a while and it affected most people in the U. S. The Cold War was also going on, but people were mostly worried about the Vietnam War. Pres John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy where assassinated in the 1960’s. Martin Luther King was also assassinated, and the whole country went on chaos. The baby boom’s 70 million children became teenagers and young adults in this decade. The Civil Rights Act was amended to include females. So many things were happening, but the main problem going on was the addiction with drugs and alcohol. There are many literature works coming from this decade, and all reflects to what was going on in that time, like the book Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream written by Hunter S. Thompson. Hunter talks about his journey to Las Vegas and it reflects what was going on in the country. The United States in the 1960’s was falling apart is what is being present in Hunter’s book. Hunter S. Thompson believed he had the talent to become a writer and he wrote every day. He was really upset by the death of John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy because he really believed in them and he called them his guys. After he was in the Chicago’s Democratic Convention where he saw people getting beat, he had the idea that the American Dream was vanishing. He had no time to think about writing this idea of the American Dream because he decided to run for Sheriff of Pitkin County, Colorado, his campaign adopted the name of the Freak Power. He lost the election and then he really knew that the American Dream was dead, at least that is what he thought. A while later he had to go to Las Vegas to cover the Mint 40, a motorcycle race. Hunter spent some time in Las Vegas as he discovered that the heart of the American Dream happened to be there, and he went on the search for it. The idea he had about this is what the book it’s all about, the subtitle says it all â€Å"A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream. † Hunter’s book is in the category of nonfiction/journalism. The book goes in chronological order with all the events that happened while Hunter was in Las Vegas. In his book he starts by going to the Mint 40, and all his crazy adventures with drugs and alcohol. He disobeyed all the laws he could think of, and he was in constant paranoid. This was a good thing because it reflected how bad the country status was. After all the trouble he causes he wants to leave, but he stayed to cover a Drug Convention in a hotel in Las Vegas. After the Drug Convention, and before leaving, he went on the hunt for the American Dream. He stops at a fast food restaurant where he asks where he can find the American Dream and he is sent to an old Psychiatrist’s Club â€Å"The owner of a gas station across the road said the place had ‘burned down about three years ago. ’† This only proves that the American Dream is dead, even if it was just a causality that he was sent to that particular place. At the end he lives Las Vegas and ends somewhere else to keep living his life. There are many characteristics that express this period of time 1960’s their people and places; one of them is no rules, out of control. There are many examples in the book to prove this right like drugs, alcohol, guns, and leaving the hotels without paying, all over the book. It all starts in the beginning of the book where he starts talking about all the drugs that they got for their trip to Las Vegas, â€Å"Getting hold of the drugs had been no problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (12) On one of his flashbacks he remembered a night in San Francisco, â€Å"’All this white stuff on my sleeve is LSD. ’ He said nothing. Merely grabbed my arm and began sucking on it. †(66) it’s really crazy to know that this really happened. When he was trying to leave Las Vegas for the first time, he end up with a gun and start to think what he would say if he gets caught with it, â€Å"A good. 357 is a hard thing to get, these days. So I figured, well, just get this bugger back Malibu, and it’s mine. My risk—my gun: it made perfect sense. †(71) Things like these happened throughout the book and it got worse and worse, like the time where he tried this new drug and took too much of it even when his attorney told him not to, he was paralyzed for a while, â€Å"You took too much. You’re about to explode. Jesus, look at your face! †(133) These kind of problems with drugs, not only happened to Hunter because it was also on the news he read and wrote in his book, â€Å"Doctors said Friday they were uncertain whether surgery would succeed in restoring the eyesight of a young man who pulled out his eyes while suffering the effects of a drug overdose in a jail cell. † (101) Another example for this characteristic is the fact that they stayed at two different hotels in Las Vegas without money. In both hotels they left without paying, but first they destroyed the room; â€Å"We had ordered everything into that room that human hands could carry—including about six hundred bard of translucent Neutrogena soap. † (70) When he tried to leave the first hotel he was freaking out, while waiting for the carboy to arrive â€Å"The Shark! Where was it? I tossed the paper aside and began to pace. Losing control. I felt my whole act slipping†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (75) On the second hotel he did the same thing, he lied to get away by saying he was a Doctor of Journalism. A second characteristic is the lost generation. The first young adult they met appears at the beginning of the book they never got his name, but they called him hitchhiker. The hitchhiker got in the car and kept quiet as he listened to all the nonsense from Hunters and his attorney, a couple of miles later he decided to run away, â€Å"His feet hit the asphalt abnd he started running back towards Baker. Out in the middle of the desert, not a tree in sight. † (19) The second young adult they met in this trip was Lucy. A young girl that Hunter’s attorney met on the plane to Las Vegas and gave her drugs, then took advantage of her; â€Å"She’s running away from home for something like the fifth time in six months. †(114) They knew what they did was bad and they tried to get rid of Lucy. What were two young adults doing away from home like the hitchhiker and Lucy? This only shows that parents didn’t have the control on their kids, mainly on young adults that run away searching for something only they know or at least hope to find. Another characteristic is paranoid and fear, this is in several pages just like the drugs and alcohol. They knew they were breaking the law, even though they didn’t care they were still afraid of getting caught. Like when they tried to get rid of Lucy as soon as possible, he thought of all the things that could happen to him, â€Å"What would happen to this poor wretch when we cut her loose? Jail? White slavery? † (117) He got really nervous when Lucy called their room after they thought they got rid of her, he imagined being in court and that they would all believe the innocent Lucy. Or when they left the first hotel and Hunter was afraid of being followed, â€Å"BOOM, Flashing paranoia. What kind of rat-bastard psychotic would play that son—right not, at this moment? Has somebody followed me here? † (85) Lastly power seeking, all authority figures and trying to be someone important is a strong characteristic in the book. Like a man that even though he was a police officer he didn’t get the respect he wanted, when Hunter arrived the hotel and got his room everybody where astonished. â€Å"They were stupid with shock. Here they were arguing with every piece of leverage they could command, for a room they’d already paid for—and suddenly their whole act gets side-swiped by some crusty drifter who lloks like something out of an upper-Michigan hobo jungle. † (108) Also, through the book Hunter would use identities that weren’t his, like Doctor of Journalism, police officer, or that they were undercover detectives, all to just get away with what they wanted. Even at the end to get drugs, â€Å"I jerked out my wallet and let her see the police badge while I flipped through the deck until I located my Ecclesiastical Discount Card—which identifies me as a Doctor of Divinity, a certified Minister of the Church of the New Truth. † (203) this part is a little ironic because of what it says and what he is trying to get with it. The United States being presented in Hunter’s work is really unbelievable; at least it is compared to now in the year 2008. In the book all the people were divided in two, the good guys and the bad guys. But the good guys were ten years behind the bad guys and of what they are trying to stop, â€Å"†¦and all I learned was that the National District Attorneys’ Association is about ten years behind the grim truth and harsh kinetic realities of what they have only just recently learned to call â€Å"the Drug Culture† in this foul year of Our Lord, 1971. †(201) He good guys are going to take a really long time to stop this and there’s nothing they can do, just like in the essay â€Å"Drugs† by Gore Vidal, is hard to stop something like drug addiction that has been going on for quite a time. Another essay like â€Å"Cultural Critique† by Anthony Burgess, a foreign man that spend some time in the United States and wrote this essay saying how bad was the U. S. he noticed that the country is in a bad shape, but what I like about this essay and what I agree with is that the country is still young and growing up because it is being reflect now almost 50 years later. After all the time of confusion and chaos there finally a little peace today, except for the war in Iraq. Maybe we have learned from our past mistakes because even though drug is a big thing today too, I feel it is not as bad as it used to be before. I see the 1960’s as a bad decade, but also fun at the same time because the country being so young it was easy to get away with anything; not like today that you get caught for anything. I wish I could have lived in that decade because I would have had fun, not with drugs, but with not paying hotel bill and driving nice cars. I could have been anything like a police officer and nobody would have notice I’m lying. Also, even thought the book reflects the American Dream dead, for me and many others think otherwise now-a-days with our new future president being elected, Obama. Obama represent hope in times like these that reflects a little what was going on in the 1960’s, hope that everything will get better, the hope that its retaining young adults from confusion. A president that is half African-American, it reflects that also racism is being left begin. Hopefully the 1960’s will be more than a bad/fun decade, because we have to learn from our mistakes like we have been doing, â€Å"a generation of permanent cripples, failed seekers, who never understood the essential old-mystic fallacy of the Acid-Culture: the desperate assumption that somebody—or at least some foce—is tending that Light at the end of the tunnel.

Attention Defecit Disorder Essay -- ADD Behavior Disorders Essays

Attention Defecit Disorder Attention deficit disorder, also called ADD, is defined as 'a disorder primarily a characteristic of childhood, marked by a consistent problem in paying attention,' in the book, The Lifespan by Guy R. Lefrancois (1999). It is more common among boys than girls but can effect all ages. Focusing on children between the ages of five thru ten, it is estimated that three to five percent, which is 1.35 - 2.25 million, of all children are living with ADD. When accompanied by serious hyperactivity, ADD is labeled as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. This disorder makes it very challenging for educators to deal with. Understanding the characteristics of this disorder, how to treat the disorder thru medicine, and how to teach a child with this disorder, will make it better for children and educators inside and out of the classroom. In the article, Teaching Children with Attention Deficit Disorder, it is said that there are two kinds of ADD; regular ADD and ADHD. To have ADHD, a student must portray at least eight of the symptoms from the following list: 1.) fidget, squirm, or seem restless 2.) difficulty remaining in a seated position 3.) easily distracted 4.) difficulty taking turns 5.) blurts out answers 6.) difficulty following instructions 7.) difficulty sustaing attention 8.) does not complete assignments 9.) difficulty playing quietly 10.) talk excessively 11.) interrupts or intrudes on others 12.) does not listen 13.) loses possessions 14.) frequently engage in dangerous actions. It also says that having ADD means that you have a short attention span, impulse control problems, and extreme hyperactivity. The disease begins in infancy and does not end until adulthood. It ha... ... do not know how to teach students with the disorder, then you are failing your duty as an instructor. The only way to help these children is to learn about them first. By doing this, a healthier learning environment is created for you, the students, and the school. References I. Franciois, G. (1999). The Lifespan. Belmont CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. II. (1989). Teaching Children with Attention Deficit Disorder. Eric Clearinghouse. Retrieved April 3, 2005. Cook Library database. III. (1992). Providing an Appropriate Education to Children with Attention Deficit Disorder. Eric Clearinghouse. Retrieved April 3, 2005. Cook Library database. IV. Blair, C. (2003). Self Regulation and School-Readiness. Eric Clearinghouse. Retrieved April 3, 2005. Cook Library database. V. Theresa Davis- Relay Elementary School- Baltimore County Public School

The Free Radical Theory

The free radical theory was firstly introduced in 1954 by Robert Gerschman and later was developed by Dr. Denham Harman from the University of Nebraska. The term â€Å"free radical† is used by the scientists to describe any molecule which is different from conventional molecules.Actually, free radicals posses a free electron and, therefore, they are able to react with other molecules in destructive and volatile ways. In contrast to free radicals, in conventional molecules the electrical charge is always balanced meaning that electrons are able to come in pairs and their electrical energies simply cancel their charges.In other words, conventional molecules have negative electrical charge because atoms which miss electrons are combined with atoms with excessive number of electrons, and, in the result, a stable molecule with paired electrons and neutral charge is created. (Theories of Aging 2004)In contrast to conventional molecules, free radicals always possess extra negative ch arge. The result is apparent: unbalanced electrical energy makes free radicals attach themselves to other molecules and steal â€Å"a matching electron to attain electrical equilibrium†.However, it is necessary to note that free radials are often claimed to be promiscuous meaning that they break happy marriages of combined electrons trying to steal happy partner for themselves. In such a way free electrons create free radicals which definitely lead to extensive damage of cells and human body. So, activity of free radicals within human body is negative as they cause aging process.If there were no free radicals, human bodies would be able to produce energy and to maintain immunity. Moreover, our bodies would manage to transmit nerve impulses and to synthesize hormones necessary for our muscles.Nevertheless, electricity of the body makes people perform these functions, but electricity is the result of unbalanced electron activity of free radicals within out body. (Theories of Ag ing 2004)Further, free radicals are known to damage the structure of human cell membrane by creating so-called metabolic waste products. One of such waste products is substance called lipofuscins. His effect is damaging as, for example, excessive amount of lipofuscins leads to emergence of aging spot or darkness of the skin in certain areas.Moreover, this substance reduces significantly abilities of cells to restore and to reproduce. The synthesis of DNA and RNA is disturbed as well the synthesis of protein. Next, lipofuscins lowers energy levels preventing in such a way human bodies from building muscles. (Theories of Aging 2004)Consequently, cellular enzymes are destroyed, but they are necessary for vital chemical processes without which the aging process starts. Free-radical damage starts from the birth and continues throughout out life till natural death.During childhood and adolescents free-radical processes are minor as they body still is provided with repair and replacement m echanism. Health young people have healthy organs and working order. However, when people become older free-radical processes begin to take their toll.Scientists say that â€Å"free-radical disruption of cell metabolism is part of what ages our cells; it may also create mutant cells leading ultimately to cancer and death†. (Theories of Aging 2004)Finally, free radicals damage collagen and elastin which are responsible for keeping our skin moist, elastic and flexible. Under influence of free radicals, human vital tissues are breaking and fraying. This process is noticeable in the face – folds of skin and deep wrinkles are the results of free-radical damage.Gerontologists argue that â€Å"another way of looking at free-radical changes is to think of its as oxidation, the process of adding oxygen to a substance. Another word for oxidation is rust and in a sense our aging process is analogous to the rusting away of a once-intact piece of metal†.(Theories of Aging 20 04) Oxygen forms are free radicals and while breathing we produce free radical which intensify the process of aging. Antioxidants are substances used to prevent harmful effects of oxidation and free radicals. We should pay attention to vitamins C, B and beta carotene to fight aging process.ReferencesTheories of Aging. (2004). Retrieved November 29, 2007, from http://www.prolongyouth.com/theories.html